Environmental Biology -class -12-Question--answer.

 

SHORT-QUESTION-ANSWER OF ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY.

QUESTION NO-1.

What is the difference between autecology and synecology?

ANSWER:

AUTECOLOGY:

The branch of ecology in which we study about population, and relationship of an organism in a population with their environment is called autecology or population ecology.

SYNECOLOGY:

The branch of ecology in which we study about community, and relationship of community  with their environment is called synecology or community ecology. In synecology we study different population in a place.

QUESTION-NO-2

Give the difference between consumers and decomposers.

ANSWER:

CONSUMERS:

Consumers are the animals that obtain their food by eating other plants or other animals .

Consumers are three type:

1. Primary consumer (Herbivores). Eat only plants as a food.
2. Secondary consumer (Carnivores). Eat only meat of other animals.
3. Tertiary consumer (Omnivores)-Eat  both meat as well as plants.

       Example: cow, sheep ,lion tiger, human, crow.

DECOMPOSER:

1. The organism that obtain their food by decomposition of dead organism.
2. The organism that decomposed are called decomposers.
3. Decomposers  are very important because the clean our environment and play vital role in recycling of nutrients. Fungi and Bacteria are decomposers.

QUESTION-NO-3:

Define hydrosere and xerosere.

HYDROSERE:

When succession take place in water then it is called hydrosere, that may be pond,river,stream, or marine water.

XEROSERE:

When succession take place in dry region such as desert then it is called xerosere.

QUESTION-NO-4: 

Differentiate between mutualism and commensalisms.

MUTUALISM:

Mutualism is the mutual relation ship between two organism in which both organism get benefits from one an other.

In mutualism both organism depend on each other for survival.

Example-1.

Lichen.

The association between algae and fungi is called lichen.

In this association algae give food to fungi and fungi give water to algae for preparation of food.

Example-2.

 In digestive system of cow and termite protest and bacteria find food and shelter and help their host by digestion of cellulose is an other example of mutualism.

COMMENSALISM:

Commensalism is the  relation ship between two organism in which one organism get benefits and other organism neither benefited nor harmed.

The organism that get benefited are called commensal.

Example:-no-1.

Some crustaceans ride on back of whale to go from one place to an other place in this case whale neither benefited nor harmed and crustacean get benefited.

Example-no-2:

Jackle is the animals that  following tiger because Jackle feed the leftover prey of tiger .

QUESTION-NO-5.

What is the difference between parasites and predators?

ANSWER:

PARASITE:

The organism the live in or on the body of other organism (host) and get their food from host and harm them is called parasite. Parasite does not kill their host.

The relationship between parasite and host is called parasitism.

Example:

Lice's on hair ,tape worm in intestine of human being are the example of parasite.

PREDATOR:

The organism that catch kill and then eat other organism is called predator.

The organism that is eaten is called prey, which are small in size.

The relationship between them is called predation.

Example:

The relationship between lion and goat, in which lion is predator and goat is prey.

QUESTION-NO-6:

Differentiate between niche and habitat.

ANSWER:

NICHE:

Niche is define as particular role of a species in an ecosystem and how species interact with environment .

Example:

Different trophic position of finches.

HABITAT:

The place where organism lives is called habitat. Habitat is the collection of different niche.

Example:

Pond, forest desert  etc.

QUESTION NO-7:

Differentiate between population and community.

ANSWER:

Population:

The group of organism belonging to same species in a particular area at particular time and interact with environment with same ways is called population.

Example:

The population of lion in the forest.

The population of rohu fish in the stream.

Community:

The group of organism belonging to different population in a particular area at particular time and interact with environment to fulfill their requirement by sharing same resources  for survival.

Example:

Tadpole larva, fish, insect and some lower plants  make a community in pond ecosystem.

QUESTION-NO-8:

What is the difference between abiotic components and biotic components?

ANSWER:

BIOTIC COMPONENTS:

The living components in our environments is called biotic components 

it includes plants animals and microorganism.

1. Producers:

1. Consumers--1) Herbivores..2)Carnivores..3)Omnivores.

1. Omnivores.

ABIOTIC COMPONETS:

The non  living components in our environments is called abiotic components 

it includes:

Light, temperature, fire, gravity, water ,air, soil etc.